Assistant Referees and Instant Replay

Officiating errors have long been a source of controversy in sport. The introduction of video-assisted refereeing erotic systems aims to reduce human error and enhance fairness.


Technologies such as VAR in football and instant replay in other sports allow officials to review critical decisions. While these systems improve accuracy, they have also sparked debate regarding flow disruption and subjective interpretation.



Goal-Line and Ball-Tracking Technologies


Goal-line technology, Hawk-Eye systems, and electronic line-calling have increased decision-making precision in various sports. These tools provide objective confirmation of outcomes, reducing disputes.


Their acceptance reflects a growing consensus that technology can support, rather than undermine, the integrity of competition when applied transparently.

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